Microbiology
Meaad Falah Fadhil; Buthainah Al-Azzawi
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a national pandemic for more than 2 years, and it continues to have an unimaginable impact on our way of life and quality of life. It is critical to gain a deeper understanding of how immunity is regulated in response ...
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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a national pandemic for more than 2 years, and it continues to have an unimaginable impact on our way of life and quality of life. It is critical to gain a deeper understanding of how immunity is regulated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The C-reactive.protein.(CRP) was the first acute phase protein to be identified, and it serves as a highly sensitive systemic indication of tissue damage, infection, as well as inflammation. Smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and adipocytes are all involved in the production of this protein. Interleukin.10.(IL-10), commonly described as human. cytokine.synthesis.inhibitory.factor (CSIF). The IL-10 gene in humans produces interleukin 10, a pleiotropic cytokine with strong anti-inflammatory as well as immunosuppressive activities.The Aim the aim of this study is to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness using diagnostic biochemical markers.Material and method this study included 125 patients (56 males and 69 females) with vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 with an age range of 20–70 years. These patients are divided into two main groups: 1. vaccinated (vaccinated with COVID-19 infection, vaccinated without COVID-19 disease, vaccinated recoveredfrom the CoV-19 virus), 2. Unvaccinated (infected with the CoV-19 virus and non-vaccinated, recovered from COVID-19 and unvaccinated). The outcome is measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. This study was conducted during the period from November 2021 to May 2022 at Al-Shifaa medical center and the vaccine unit at Al-Diwaniyah Educational Hospital, Diwaniyah governorate, Iraq.Results The results showed an increase in CRP level for the vaccinated groups was significantly higher (P<0.0001) in group G2 (vaccinated with COVID) more than in G1 (vaccinated without COVID) and G3 (vaccinated recovered COVID). For non-vaccinated groups, it was significantly higher (P<0.01) in group G4 (no vaccine with COVID) more than in group G5 (no vaccine recovered COVID). The results also showed that the IL-10 in the 2nd and 4th weeks after vaccination had a higher level in G1 (vaccinated without COVID) and G2 (vaccinated with COVID) than in any other time incident. For G4 (no vaccine with COVID) showed that a significant increase was noticed in the 2nd week after diagnosis more than other time incidents. While G3 (vaccinated recovered COVID), G5 (no vaccine recovered COVID) showed that no significant increase was noticed among the different time incidents.Conclusion the use of mRNA for CoV-19 vaccination significantly modulates the increment of C-reactive protein and interleukin-10 and improves the immune response in patients with COVID-19 infection.
Microbiology
Ahmed Sami Salman
Abstract
Introduction many searchers studies properties of Onion extract and garlic extract,but they do not study infusion effect of garlic and onion against bacteria.The Aim to know antibacterial activity of Onion‘s Infusion and Garlic‘s Infusion.Methodology searcher prepared garlic infusion ...
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Introduction many searchers studies properties of Onion extract and garlic extract,but they do not study infusion effect of garlic and onion against bacteria.The Aim to know antibacterial activity of Onion‘s Infusion and Garlic‘s Infusion.Methodology searcher prepared garlic infusion for many periods, and onion infusion for many periods also, and study antibacterial activity against Escherichia Coli Isolated from Urine Samples.Results : thirty urine samples were collected to detect the presence of E. coli and the study found that (26) samples contained Escherichia Coli bacteria at a rate of (86.66%) through phenotypic and microscopic diagnosis and then diagnosed with Vitek, infusion garlic and onion separately for different periods of time and with different concentrations, and it was found that the highest concentration of 100ppt was more effective on inhibiting the growth of bacteria, the study also tested the synergistic and antagonistic activity of both infusions on the inhibition of bacterial growth.Conclusion The activity of preventing the growth of bacteria was enhanced by prolonging the infusion of garlic oronions. Additionally, neither a synergistic nor an inhibitory effect is related to concentration changes.
Microbiology
Madeha H. Hossain; Shahbaa M. Al-khazraji; Ali S. Hassoon
Abstract
The study was done to look into the antibacterial activity of equeous and methalonic extracts of the Rosmarinus officinalis leaves on the growth repression of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. The disc diffusion method was employed to determine the sus- ceptibility of the bacteria ...
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The study was done to look into the antibacterial activity of equeous and methalonic extracts of the Rosmarinus officinalis leaves on the growth repression of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. The disc diffusion method was employed to determine the sus- ceptibility of the bacteria tested to the two rosemary extracts. In order to compare the activity of two extracts, gentamicin (300 mg/ml) was used as a positive control. The results demonstrated that the two ex- tracts exhibit antibacterial efficacy in inhibiting the development of tested microorganisms. In examined bacteria, the methalonic extract inhibited growth more than the equeous extract, and S. aureus was more susceptible to the action of the two extracts than E. coli. Some of the medically important oils in rosemary have been estimated (Ci- neole, Camphor, Linalool)%. The results showed that the alcoholic extract gave higher results than the aqueous extract
Microbiology
Yousif Sinan Taha Alhamadani; Aamir Sabr Oudah
Abstract
Background: The Aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity of different types of bacteria to 30 different types of antibiotics by using Kirby-Bauer Method.Methods: The study was conducted in December 2021 and January 2022, in Al-Samawah city. Where the study was conducted on 33 patients from both ...
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Background: The Aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity of different types of bacteria to 30 different types of antibiotics by using Kirby-Bauer Method.Methods: The study was conducted in December 2021 and January 2022, in Al-Samawah city. Where the study was conducted on 33 patients from both genders suffering from urinary tract infection, urine samples were collected using (First morning specimen), Where the chemical tests were carried out before the process of urine culturing by using petri dishes than bacterial species were isolated and their sensitivity to different antibiotics was determined.Results: Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to different antibiotics where the most effective antibiotic were Imipenem (100%). E. coli showed sensitivity to Amikacin, Imipenem and Meropenem by (100%). For Proteus mirabilis the most effective antibiotics were Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem and Meropenem by (100%). For Streptococcus pyogenes the most effective antibiotics were Amikacin, Ciproflaxcine, Doxycycline, Imipenem, Meropenem, Norfloxacin, Rifampicin, Levofloxacin and Tetracycline (100%) and for Staphylococcus epidermidi were Cefepime, Norfloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin, Rifampicin, Gentamycin, Trimethoprim, Tobramycin and Levofloxacin (100%) and for Enterococcus faecalis were Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Rifampicin and Meropenem (100%).Conclusions: The current study shows Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli to be the most common pathogens in our study, with very high antibiotic sensitivities to Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem and Meropenem and according to the C&S results.
Microbiology
Ahmed Kareem AL-Eqabi; Buthainah Abbas Al-Azzawi
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a dangerous cardiovascular illness that has a significant impact on people's health. Several biomarkers, including Myoglobin and troponin I (cTnI) were utilized to diagnose AMI in recent decades. The Troponin I (cTnI) was designated as the "gold standard" ...
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Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a dangerous cardiovascular illness that has a significant impact on people's health. Several biomarkers, including Myoglobin and troponin I (cTnI) were utilized to diagnose AMI in recent decades. The Troponin I (cTnI) was designated as the "gold standard" cardiac biomarker for the prediction of cardiomyopathy. It's a heart muscle regulating protein found on normal myocyte actin filaments. When cardiac muscles are injured, cTnI, one of the main subunits of the cardiac troponin complex, is released into the circulation (e.g., myocardial infarction). Myoglobin denoted by (symbols Mb and MB) seems to be an iron- and o2-binding protein present in the vertebrate heart and skeletal muscle tissues and, more specifically, nearly all mammals. In humans, MB is only present in the bloodstream following muscle damage. Its primary function is to supply myocytes with oxygen. Also essential to nitric oxide hemostasis was myoglobin. Additionally, it facilitates the detoxification of response oxygen molecules from the body. MB is accountable for most vertebrate muscles' red hue.The aim: To assess the difference in the level of (MYOGLOBIN and TROPONIN_I) between patients with and without mRNA Vaccination.Methods: This study included 125 patients (65 male and 60 female) with vaccinated and non-vaccinated covid-19 with an age range of 20–69 years. These patients are divided into two main groups: 1. vaccinated (vaccinated with COVID-19 infection, vaccinated without COVID-19 disease, vaccinated recovered from the CoV-19 virus),2. unvaccinated (infected with the CoV-19 virus and non-vaccinated, recovered from covid-19 and unvaccinated). The outcome is measured using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. This study was conducted during the period from November 2021 to May 2022 at the Martyr Dr. Fairouz General Hospital, Wasit governorate, Iraq.Results: Estimation of serum Troponin I and Myoglobin concentration showed that concentrations of Troponin I and Myoglobin were significantly higher (P<0.0001) in individuals infected with CoV-19 virus and unvaccinated higher than vaccinated with CoV-19 disease indicating the impact of the vaccine on the increment of both markers. However, the level of each marker was substantially higher (P<0.0001) in vaccinated with CoV-19 infection more than vaccinated without or recovered from COVID-19 illness.Conclusions: The use of mRNA CoV-19 vaccination significantly modulate the increment of Troponin I and Myoglobin and improves the cardiac symptomatology in patients with CoV-19 infection.
Microbiology
Aqeel Abbas kareem; Ali Hadi Sabhan
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the serum level of prostatespecific antigen.Background: Prostatitis is an inflammation of prostate gland ; several kinds chronic (nonbacterial) prostatitis and sever(chronic) bacterial ...
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the serum level of prostatespecific antigen.Background: Prostatitis is an inflammation of prostate gland ; several kinds chronic (nonbacterial) prostatitis and sever(chronic) bacterial prostatitis, pelvic pain syndrome. Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been widely recognized as a biomarker predictor for the severity of Diabetes Mellitus(DM). Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a pivotal biomarker reflecting both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentration over the preceding 120 days. Increasing epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetes and associated hyperglycemia andinsulin resistance significantly increase the risks of BPH and LUTS.Method: A total of 175 blood samples were tested for Glycated hemoglobin with high R.B. Sugar and PSA level.(HbA1c )might have been quantified by (I Chroma 11 and ELISA).Results: One Hundred Seventy Five patients aged( 22 – 70 ± 10 years) with Type 2 DM, were studied who have signs of prostatitis inflammation ,100 under study and 75 control group.Conclusion: A significant association between poor glycemiccontrol and high PSA level of prostatitis among diabetic patientsunderstudy.
Microbiology
Shahbaa M. Al-khazraji; Madeha H. Hossain; Ali S. Hassoon
Abstract
The methalonic and equeous extracts of ginger were employed in this investigation for antibacterial activity against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Agar disk diffusion was used to assess growth inhibition. The two extracts had clear antibacterial action ...
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The methalonic and equeous extracts of ginger were employed in this investigation for antibacterial activity against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Agar disk diffusion was used to assess growth inhibition. The two extracts had clear antibacterial action against the microorganisms tested. In the growth of tested bacteria, the methalonic extract outperformed the equeous extract. The maximum zone of inhibition of methalonic extract in the development of S. aureus (16 mm) and the lowest zone of inhibition in the growth of E. coli (13 mm). The impact of equeous extract on the growth of two bacteria ranged between 10 mm in E. coli and 14 mm in S. aureus. Two extracts' antibacterial activity was compared to that of Gentamicin, a popular antibiotic (20 mm).
Microbiology
Tomy .A.D; Tai Chy
Abstract
Since July 2020, or around six months after the outbreak of the new coronavirus infection in 2019, no one has been able to explain why people with HIV (PLWH) are negatively affected (COVID-19). COVID-19 vulnerability appears to be the same in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, however, results ...
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Since July 2020, or around six months after the outbreak of the new coronavirus infection in 2019, no one has been able to explain why people with HIV (PLWH) are negatively affected (COVID-19). COVID-19 vulnerability appears to be the same in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, however, results may be inconsistent. Some of the misunderstandings are due to the lack of data and the novelty of COVID-19, while others are due to the ambiguity of the question "when?" It has the means to make HIV a "risk factor" for the development of COVID-19.
Microbiology
Raghad Khalil Alarkwazi; Gasaq Reaihd Abdulreda; Ali Salam Ali
Abstract
Background: The mint and basil plants (M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L.) of the labiate family were used in the study. Methods: A qualitative chemical detection regarding several active chemicals in the leaves of M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L. was part of the investigation. Results: ...
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Background: The mint and basil plants (M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L.) of the labiate family were used in the study. Methods: A qualitative chemical detection regarding several active chemicals in the leaves of M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L. was part of the investigation. Results: The findings revealed that both species include flavonoids and glycosides, yet tannins and saponins were not found in the leaves extract of O. basilicum, and volatile oils were found in the alcoholic extract at a rate of 4.5% in the leaves of O. basilicum. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) was used to detect six chemical active groups include (O-H, C=H, C=C, C=N, C-O, C-N). Our findings revealed the presence of alkaloid; the extraction yield for volatile oils in M. spicata species is 3%. As for the presence of nutrients in the type, the highest percentage of Calcium is in species O. basilicum. Conclusions: The presence of effective chemical compounds in O. basilicum and M. spicata leaves indicates its importance as a source of useful drugs and the importance of chemical components in the pharmaceutical industries, as well as enhancing the importance of its use in folk medicine as a safe treatment for many diseases.
