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Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry (JBB) is a global scientific and open access journal. It was established in 2022 and publishes three issues annually. The journal accepts original and reviews articles. Publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). All the manuscripts are Double-blind peer-reviewed for scientific quality and acceptance.   Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry (JBB) is a medium for global academics to exchange and disseminate their knowledge as well as the latest discoveries and advances . Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry...
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Measuring the Concentration of Plasma "Lipid Profile and Iron" in Al-Mustaqbal University College Smokers

Qusay Azeez Hasan; Sabrean Jawad; Aliaa Kareem Abdulla; Qassim A. Zigam; Hasanain Kamil Hasan Owadh

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 1-6
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2023.5911.1022

In developed countries, the biggest factor leading to death is cigarette smok- ing, where smoking causes cancers, congestive heart diseases, pulmonary diseases, and other diseases. This study was conducted at Al-Mustaqbal University College - Hilla - Iraq, to evaluate the effect of smoking types on lipid profile (triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and iron. The study included 24 samples of males and the study targeted three groups: the control group (group 1= 7) without smoking, regular cigarette R.C (group 2= 8) smokers of regular cigarettes, and the last group 3 (elec- tron cigarette E.C) comprised of 9 samples (people who smoke electronic cigarettes). The samples studied were of a similar age group ranging from 19 to 30 years. The levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were observed to increase in group 2 compared to the control group. The level of HDL increased in group R.C. by comparing it with the control group, while the iron level increased in group E.C. in comparison to both the groups (control and R.C).
The results showed that the use of electronic cigarettes E.C. was less severe than regular cigarettes R.C., while both had high marks compared to the control group.

Novel SNPs of TNF-a and IL-6 that Regulate Serum Level in Obese Patients

Hadeel Abdulhadi Omear

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 7-20
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2023.6398.1025

Background Obesity is an abnormal amount of fats in the body that can result from several factors majorly including environmental and genetic fac- tors. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased tremendously in the last three decades and is now considered a global epidemic. Despite the negative impacts of obesity on human health and its majorly associated risk factors such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancers, no effective strategies have been employed to bring down its rate which can reach an alarming level in the next few years.
Objective Previously, various studies have reported the high serum concentrations of two cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in obese patients. These genes (TNF-α and IL-6) are released from the adipose tissues stimulated by obesity. Considering their pivotal association with obesity, this study has been designed to investigate the relationship between SNPs of TNF-α and IL-6 and their high serum lev- els in obesity.
Results Here, we utilized R language to perform statistical analyses such as correlation, normality testing, ROC, and regression analysis on serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 between obese and control groups. Furthermore, the frequencies of clinical data and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium tests for allele and the genotypes analysis of the cytokines were performed. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly correlated with obesity SNPs.

Some Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis

Noor Kamil Abd Alameer; Haider Abd Jabbar Alammar

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 21-27
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2023.6412.1026

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) is a complex polygenic, au- toimmune inflammatory disease. It was disturbing that almost 1-2% of people depended on that geographic spreading worldwide. R.A. can result from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and autoimmunity. It is characterized by non-organ-specific self-reactive antibody production and chronic synovitis leading to the damage of cartilage and bone. Objectives To evaluate the sera of trace elements and oxidative stress levels in patients detected with chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Determination of some trace elements such as copper, zinc, and iron in the sera of patients.
Patients and Method A case-control study was done on the Iraqi population from Al-Najaf, an Iraqi city. Blood samples were collected from 135 volunteers from September 2021 to February 2022 from Al-Sadder Medical City (Al-Najaf). The 180 volunteers in our study were divided into two groups patient group consisting of 90 individuals ages range: (20–70 years), male and female, and a control group consisting of 45 individuals. Blood was drawn from the patients to measure the copper, zinc, and iron concentration level using the Colorimetric method technique.
Results The average zinc concentration was lower in the patient’s group than in the reference category. The average copper concentration was more significant in the patient’s group than in the reference category. In addi- tion, the average Zn/Cu ratio was lower in the patient’s group compared to the reference category. There was no statistical variation in average serum iron between patients and the reference category. However, the average Zn/Fe ratio was lower in the patient’s group compared to the reference category control group.
Conclusion Lower levels of zinc and a higher level of copper suggest a role for those trace elements on that pathogen of R.A.

Role of Routine Markers in the Diagnosis of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Haider Ali Laibi; Abdulkareem M. Jewad; Mohammed Mahdi Salih

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 28-35
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2023.6532.1027

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease CKD cause different GFR declines (AKI). A gradual, irreversible decline in GFR is a CKD symptom. Diseases impair the kidneys’ ability to concentrate or dilute tubular filtrate, eliminate nitrogenous waste, and maintain acid-base balance. Acute kidney failure (AKF) is a sudden, reversible renal function loss requiring RRT. Chronic kid- ney disease has a 13.4% global prevalence and 1.2 million annual deaths.
The Aim Serum creatinine, urea, potassium, chloride, calcium, sodium, and serum uric acid in CKD patients and healthy controls, and how these indicators vary with CKD development.
Determination of some trace elements such as copper, zinc, and iron in the sera of patients.
Materials and Methods The study included (30 healthy participants) and (60) patients with CKD (control). The participants in this study were people who traveled to Basrah Teaching Hospital aged 25 to 65. From Octo- ber 2020 to February 2021, specialized physicians examined each participant in this study at Basrah Teaching Hospital. Serum potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, urea, uric acid, and serum creatinine were measured using kits.
Results The current study results have shown a signif- icant increase (P < 0.01) in the following biomarkers in CKD patients: serum creatinine, urea, phosphorus, chlo- ride, uric acid, and Cystatin-C. The results also showed a significant decrease in levels following biomarkers in CKD patients: serum calcium and sodium.
Conclusion Chronic renal disease raises serum creati- nine, urea, potassium, chloride, and uric acid. Chronic renal disease patients had lower calcium and sodium levels.

Correlation of N-terminal fragments of Atrial Natriuretic Neuropeptides (NT-ProANP) with Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction in Cases with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Ali Jihad Hemid Al-Athari

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2023, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 36-41
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2023.6575.1028

Background This study aimed to assess the correlation of natriuretic neuropeptides (NT-ProANP) with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with acute myocardial (AMI).
Materials and Methods This case-control study composed of 120 pa- tients was recruited from the cardiac center in Babylon, Iraq. The plasma levels of NT-ProANP and echocardiographic measure of the left ventricle ejection fraction percentage (LVEF%) for both patients and controls as well as demographic data were taken.
Results The mean ages were 61.9 ± 13.2 and 33.1 ± 8.3 years for pa- tients and control, respectively, 80.8% of the candidates were male. The differences in NT-ProANP serum levels between AMI patients and con- trols were highly significant p-0.001. There was a good diagnostic ability of NT-ProANP to predict patients with AMI from the healthy subjects by ROC-curve analysis: AUC=0.957, sensitivity=0.961, specificity=0.962, 95%CI=0.927 – 0.987, and p>0.05. Whereas, there was a poor diagnostic performance of NT-ProANP to predict LVEF%: AUC=0.438, sensitiv- ity=0.438, specificity=0.519, 95%CI=0.285 – 0.598, and p>0.05. Serum concentrations of NT-ProANP showed no significant correlation with the measures of left ventricular EF%, age, and BMI among AMI patients. The serum levels of NT-ProANP revealed no significant variations between AMI patients with low and those with preserved LV functions
Conclusion The study suggests that the measurement of NT-ProANP was not correlated to LVEF%, although its levels were significantly higher among patients with AMI compared to the healthy controls.

Study of the Bacterial Sensitivity to different Antibiotics which are isolated from patients with UTI using Kirby-Bauer Method

Yousif Sinan Alhamadani; Aamir Oudah

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 1-6
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.19387

Background: The Aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity of different types of bacteria to 30 different types of antibiotics by using Kirby-Bauer Method.
Methods: The study was conducted in December 2021 and January 2022, in Al-Samawah city. Where the study was conducted on 33 patients from both genders suffering from urinary tract infection, urine samples were collected using (First morning specimen), Where the chemical tests were carried out before the process of urine culturing by using petri dishes than bacterial species were isolated and their sensitivity to different antibiotics was determined.
Results: Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to different antibiotics where the most effective antibiotic were Imipenem (100%). E. coli showed sensitivity to Amikacin, Imipenem and Meropenem by (100%). For Proteus mirabilis the most effective antibiotics were Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem and Meropenem by (100%). For Streptococcus pyogenes the most effective antibiotics were Amikacin, Ciproflaxcine, Doxycycline, Imipenem, Meropenem, Norfloxacin, Rifampicin, Levofloxacin and Tetracycline (100%) and for Staphylococcus epidermidi were Cefepime, Norfloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin, Rifampicin, Gentamycin, Trimethoprim, Tobramycin and Levofloxacin (100%) and for Enterococcus faecalis were Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Rifampicin and Meropenem (100%).
Conclusions: The current study shows Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli to be the most common pathogens in our study, with very high antibiotic sensitivities to Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem and Meropenem and according to the C&S results.

Related Pathological and Social Factors that Delay Early Detection of Breast Cancer among Females

Asmaa Tarek Kadhim Al-Hakak; Halah Basim Jawad Mohammed

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1-7
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.17158

The current study aimed at assessing the factors that hinder early detection of breast cancer among women, and to identify the association between socio-demographic characteristics and women's knowledge about ways of early detection and causes for delay in seeking medical help.

Methodology: A descriptive design/correlation study is used throughout the present study. A Non-Probability (Purposive Sample) of (150) women with third and more stages of breast cancer (advanced breast cancer) was selected. The data are collected through the utilization of the developed questionnaire by using an interview technique after the estimation of the validity and reliability of the study instrument.

Results: the correlation between overall women's knowledge about ways of early detection and their demographic data, shows that overall women's knowledge has a significant positive correlation with each of age, family history of breast cancer, and level of education. The result also indicates that the correlation between causes for delay in seeking medical intervention and women demographic data. It shows that there is a significant positive correlation with each of residence and family history of breast cancer and most patients are delayed in seeking medicine because of lack of awareness and financial problems.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the general assessment is moderate knowledge about early detection of breast cancer among women, and found a significant relationship between family history and residence with knowledge of patient while there is no correlation with other demographic data.

Evaluation of some cardiac markers in relation to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Buthainah Al-Azzawi; Ahmed Kareem AL-Eqabi

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 15-24
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.19395

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a dangerous cardiovascular illness that has a significant impact on people's health. Several biomarkers, including Myoglobin and troponin I (cTnI) were utilized to diagnose AMI in recent decades. The Troponin I (cTnI) was designated as the "gold standard" cardiac biomarker for the prediction of cardiomyopathy. It's a heart muscle regulating protein found on normal myocyte actin filaments. When cardiac muscles are injured, cTnI, one of the main subunits of the cardiac troponin complex, is released into the circulation (e.g., myocardial infarction). Myoglobin denoted by (symbols Mb and MB) seems to be an iron- and o2-binding protein present in the vertebrate heart and skeletal muscle tissues and, more specifically, nearly all mammals. In humans, MB is only present in the bloodstream following muscle damage. Its primary function is to supply myocytes with oxygen. Also essential to nitric oxide hemostasis was myoglobin. Additionally, it facilitates the detoxification of response oxygen molecules from the body. MB is accountable for most vertebrate muscles' red hue.The aim: To assess the difference in the level of (MYOGLOBIN and TROPONIN_I) between patients with and without mRNA Vaccination.
Methods: This study included 125 patients (65 male and 60 female) with vaccinated and non-vaccinated covid-19 with an age range of 20–69 years. These patients are divided into two main groups: 1. vaccinated (vaccinated with COVID-19 infection, vaccinated without COVID-19 disease, vaccinated recovered from the CoV-19 virus),2. unvaccinated (infected with the CoV-19 virus and non-vaccinated, recovered from covid-19 and unvaccinated). The outcome is measured using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. This study was conducted during the period from November 2021 to May 2022 at the Martyr Dr. Fairouz General Hospital, Wasit governorate, Iraq.
Results: Estimation of serum Troponin I and Myoglobin concentration showed that concentrations of Troponin I and Myoglobin were significantly higher (P<0.0001) in individuals infected with CoV-19 virus and unvaccinated higher than vaccinated with CoV-19 disease indicating the impact of the vaccine on the increment of both markers. However, the level of each marker was substantially higher (P<0.0001) in vaccinated with CoV-19 infection more than vaccinated without or recovered from COVID-19 illness.
Conclusions: The use of mRNA CoV-19 vaccination significantly modulate the increment of Troponin I and Myoglobin and improves the cardiac symptomatology in patients with CoV-19 infection.

The use of collagen type-II as an indicator for assessment regeneration effect post intra-articular pure-PRP injection in KOA patient

Ajil A. Alzamily; Waleed M. Jifeel

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 7-14
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.19388

Background: knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a complex disease that causes metabolic, structural, biochemical, and functional alterations in afflicted tissues. Physical examination and radiological findings are the present methods for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Traditionally, KOA medication focused on symptom management. Clinical trials focused on delaying or reversing disease development have gained popularity in recent years. PRP is among the medicinal approaches used to manage KOA.Purpose: By assessing the cartilage degradation marker collagen-II, the study's aim was to figure out whether the use of pure-PRP may help KOA patients' damaged cartilage layers regenerate.
Methods: This non-randomized controlled trial study involved 66 patients with knee OA and 28 healthy control subjects from December 2021 to February 2022. There were 2 categories of knee OA patients: 34 with moderate (grade-3) and 32 with mild (grade-2) KOA. So, every group of KOA patients is divided into three subgroups based to the frequency of injections (single, double, or triple) in addition to severity. Based on clinical and radiological data using the Kellgren-Lawence (KL) 0–4 grading system, the patients' diagnoses and classifications are made. This study was designed at AL-Imam Ali hospital, Babylon governorate, Iraq and approved by the medical human research ethics committee at Al-Qadisiyah university/ collage of medicine.
Results: The findings of this investigation show that the serum collagen type-II content was considerably greater in KOA patients were compared to control subjects, and in moderate compared to mild KOA as the severity of the disease progressed. But following pure-PRP injection, the serum level of collagen type-II did not significantly decrease, and increasing the number of injections had no better effect.
Conclusions: PRP therapy was generally acceptable for patients in terms of improving symptoms and there were no complications following injection. However, there is insufficient indication that platelet rich plasma regenerates cartilage damage in knee OA patients, as there was no significant decrease in the amount of collagen type-II.

Secondary Metabolism Compounds Study of Essential Oils for the Mentha spicata L. and Ocimum basilicum L.

Raghad Khalil Alarkwazi; Gasaq Reaihd Abdulreda; Ali Salam Ali

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 31-37
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.18906

Background: The mint and basil plants (M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L.) of the labiate family were used in the study.
 
Methods: A qualitative chemical detection regarding several active chemicals in the leaves of M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L. was part of the investigation.
 
Results: The findings revealed that both species include flavonoids and glycosides, yet tannins and saponins were not found in the leaves extract of O. basilicum, and volatile oils were found in the alcoholic extract at a rate of 4.5% in the leaves of O. basilicum. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) was used to detect six chemical active groups include (O-H, C=H, C=C, C=N, C-O, C-N). Our findings revealed the presence of alkaloid; the extraction yield for volatile oils in M. spicata species is 3%. As for the presence of nutrients in the type, the highest percentage of Calcium is in species O. basilicum.
 
Conclusions: The presence of effective chemical compounds in O. basilicum and M. spicata leaves indicates its importance as a source of useful drugs and the importance of chemical components in the pharmaceutical industries, as well as enhancing the importance of its use in folk medicine as a safe treatment for many diseases.

Study of the Bacterial Sensitivity to different Antibiotics which are isolated from patients with UTI using Kirby-Bauer Method

Yousif Sinan Alhamadani; Aamir Oudah

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 1-6
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.19387

Background: The Aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity of different types of bacteria to 30 different types of antibiotics by using Kirby-Bauer Method.
Methods: The study was conducted in December 2021 and January 2022, in Al-Samawah city. Where the study was conducted on 33 patients from both genders suffering from urinary tract infection, urine samples were collected using (First morning specimen), Where the chemical tests were carried out before the process of urine culturing by using petri dishes than bacterial species were isolated and their sensitivity to different antibiotics was determined.
Results: Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to different antibiotics where the most effective antibiotic were Imipenem (100%). E. coli showed sensitivity to Amikacin, Imipenem and Meropenem by (100%). For Proteus mirabilis the most effective antibiotics were Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem and Meropenem by (100%). For Streptococcus pyogenes the most effective antibiotics were Amikacin, Ciproflaxcine, Doxycycline, Imipenem, Meropenem, Norfloxacin, Rifampicin, Levofloxacin and Tetracycline (100%) and for Staphylococcus epidermidi were Cefepime, Norfloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin, Rifampicin, Gentamycin, Trimethoprim, Tobramycin and Levofloxacin (100%) and for Enterococcus faecalis were Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Rifampicin and Meropenem (100%).
Conclusions: The current study shows Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli to be the most common pathogens in our study, with very high antibiotic sensitivities to Amikacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem and Meropenem and according to the C&S results.

Discharge Plan for Mothers of Children Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery

Michael P Doyle; M. Anthony McKervey

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 19-30
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.17688

Background: Congenital heart defect is the second cause of death in infancy and childhood and is the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Congenital heart surgery corrects a heart defect that a child is born with it.
 Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the effect of discharge plans for mothers and their children undergoing congenital heart surgery. setting: this study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of Cardio Vascular and Thoracic Academy Ain Shams University Hospitals. Sample: 70 mothers and their children undergoing congenital heart surgery were included in this study.
Tools of data collection: two different tools were used. First tool: consists of interviewing questionnaire to asssocio-demographic his characteristics of mothers and their children, knowledge, reported practices of mothers for their children undergoing congenital heart surgery, Second tool: Assessment of child health status.
 
Result: revealed that 81.4% of the studied mothers achieved poor knowledge scores in the pre-implementation phase, it improved to 92.9% of them achieved well in the post-implementation phase. Only 18.6% & 7.1% of them achieved average in both the pre-and post-implementation phase respectively and 91.4% of the study sample's total mothers’ practice was unsatisfactory in the pre-implementation phase, but 97.1% of them were satisfactory in the post-implementation phase.
Conclusion: there was a strong statistically significant correlation between the mother's total knowledge and total reported practices score on the post-test (P<0.00**).
Recommendation: Comprehensive, multidisciplinary discharge planning should design early and should include the mothers and children contain education regarding congenital heart surgery care.

Related Pathological and Social Factors that Delay Early Detection of Breast Cancer among Females

Asmaa Tarek Kadhim Al-Hakak; Halah Basim Jawad Mohammed

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1-7
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.17158

The current study aimed at assessing the factors that hinder early detection of breast cancer among women, and to identify the association between socio-demographic characteristics and women's knowledge about ways of early detection and causes for delay in seeking medical help.

Methodology: A descriptive design/correlation study is used throughout the present study. A Non-Probability (Purposive Sample) of (150) women with third and more stages of breast cancer (advanced breast cancer) was selected. The data are collected through the utilization of the developed questionnaire by using an interview technique after the estimation of the validity and reliability of the study instrument.

Results: the correlation between overall women's knowledge about ways of early detection and their demographic data, shows that overall women's knowledge has a significant positive correlation with each of age, family history of breast cancer, and level of education. The result also indicates that the correlation between causes for delay in seeking medical intervention and women demographic data. It shows that there is a significant positive correlation with each of residence and family history of breast cancer and most patients are delayed in seeking medicine because of lack of awareness and financial problems.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the general assessment is moderate knowledge about early detection of breast cancer among women, and found a significant relationship between family history and residence with knowledge of patient while there is no correlation with other demographic data.

Estimation of some Bioactive substances and Antibacterial activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Extract

Shahbaa M. Al-khazraji; Madeha H. Hossain; Ali S. Hassoon

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 29-33
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.5544.1017

The methalonic and equeous extracts of ginger were employed in this investigation for antibacterial activity against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). Agar disk diffusion was used to assess growth inhibition. The two extracts had clear antibacterial action against the microorganisms tested. In the growth of tested bacteria, the methalonic extract outperformed the equeous extract. The maximum zone of inhibition of methalonic extract in the development of S. aureus (16 mm) and the lowest zone of inhibition in the growth of E. coli (13 mm). The impact of equeous extract on the growth of two bacteria ranged between 10 mm in E. coli and 14 mm in S. aureus. Two extracts' antibacterial activity was compared to that of Gentamicin, a popular antibiotic (20 mm).

Secondary Metabolism Compounds Study of Essential Oils for the Mentha spicata L. and Ocimum basilicum L.

Raghad Khalil Alarkwazi; Gasaq Reaihd Abdulreda; Ali Salam Ali

Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 31-37
DOI: 10.57238/jbb.2022.18906

Background: The mint and basil plants (M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L.) of the labiate family were used in the study.
 
Methods: A qualitative chemical detection regarding several active chemicals in the leaves of M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L. was part of the investigation.
 
Results: The findings revealed that both species include flavonoids and glycosides, yet tannins and saponins were not found in the leaves extract of O. basilicum, and volatile oils were found in the alcoholic extract at a rate of 4.5% in the leaves of O. basilicum. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) was used to detect six chemical active groups include (O-H, C=H, C=C, C=N, C-O, C-N). Our findings revealed the presence of alkaloid; the extraction yield for volatile oils in M. spicata species is 3%. As for the presence of nutrients in the type, the highest percentage of Calcium is in species O. basilicum.
 
Conclusions: The presence of effective chemical compounds in O. basilicum and M. spicata leaves indicates its importance as a source of useful drugs and the importance of chemical components in the pharmaceutical industries, as well as enhancing the importance of its use in folk medicine as a safe treatment for many diseases.

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